He aha ka INCONEL 686?

Inconel 686he nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy kiʻekiʻe i ʻike ʻia no kona kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka corrosion a me ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi nānā hohonu i ka haku mele, nā waiwai mechanical, nā noi, nā kūlana, nā ʻano hana, a me nā kaʻina hana wela e pili ana me Inconel 686.

Hoʻohui Kimia

ʻO ka Inconel 686 ka mea nui i ka nickel, chromium, molybdenum, a me tungsten, me ka nui o nā mea e hoʻonui ai i kāna mau waiwai. ʻO keʻano maʻamauhaku mele ʻana o Inconel 686penei:

• Nikela (Ni): Kaulike
• Chromium (Cr): 19.0% - 23.0%
• Molybdenum (Mo): 15.0% - 17.0%
• Tungsten (W): 3.0% - 4.4%
• Hao (Fe): ≤ 1.0%
• Titanium (Ti): 0.02% - 0.25%
• Kalapona (C): ≤ 0.01%
• Manganese (Mn): ≤ 0.75%
• Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.02%
• Silicon (ʻAe): ≤ 0.08%
• ʻOka (P): ≤ 0.04%

Hāʻawi kēia hui ʻokoʻa o nā mea i ka Inconel 686 me kāna mau ʻano mechanical koʻikoʻi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano corrosive like ʻole, ʻoi loa i nā kūlana acidic.

Na Waiwai Mechanical

Inconel 686hōʻike i nā waiwai mechanical kupaianaha, kūpono ia no nā noi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā waiwai mechanical koʻikoʻi o Inconel 686 ma ka lumi wela ka:

• ʻO ka ikaika ʻoi loa: Ma kahi o 1000 N/mm² (145 ksi)
• Ka ikaika hua: Ma kahi o 600 N/mm² (87 ksi)
• ʻO ka lōʻihi: 40% liʻiliʻi ma 2 iniha
• ʻoʻoleʻa: Ma kahi o 30-40 HRC

Mālama ʻia kēia mau waiwai ma kahi ākea ākea, mai nā kūlana cryogenic a hiki i 1000 ° C (1832 ° F), e hana nui ana ʻo Inconel 686 i nā noi e pili ana i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi.

Na Waiwai Kiekie

Ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomau ʻo Inconel 686 i kona ikaika a me ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation. No ka laʻana, ma 800°C (1472°F), hiki ke hiki i ka tensile ikaika loa ma kahi o 800 N/mm² (116 ksi), ʻoiai ʻo ka ikaika hoʻohua ma kahi o 500 N/mm² (73 ksi). He mea koʻikoʻi kēia kūpaʻa ma lalo o ka wela no nā noi i ka aerospace a me ka hana mana.

Nā noi

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o kāna mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion. ʻO kekahi o nā noi kumu mua:

1. Ka Hana Kemika

Inconel 686hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana hana kemika no nā mea hana e mālama ai i ka oxidizing a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā waikawa. Aia nā noi:

• Nā mea hoʻololi wela
• Nā Reactors
• Pūnaehana paipu
• ʻO nā pahu a me nā mea pono

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka alloy i ka lua a me ka crevice corrosion ma kēia ʻāpana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kaiapuni kahi i loaʻa ai ka sulfuric a me ka waika hydrochloric.

2. ʻOihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea

Ma ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 no:

• ʻO ka paipu kinoea ʻawaʻawa a me ka paipu
• ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana
• Hoʻopuʻu kinoea ʻōpala

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka alloy a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi e koho maikaʻi ʻia no kēia mau noi, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wili ʻana a me ka hana ʻana.

3. Nā noi moana

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 i nā kaiapuni kai, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai i ka wai kai a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā noi maʻamau:

• Pūnaehana hoʻopau moku moana
• Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kōkua submarine
• Puu laina mahu

ʻO kona kūʻē ʻana i ka chloride stress corrosion crack he mea maikaʻi loa ia i kēia mau noi, e hōʻoia ana i ka lōʻihi a me ka hilinaʻi i nā kūlana kai koʻikoʻi.

4. Aerospace Industry

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 i nā ʻāpana aerospace e like me:

• Nā mea hoʻohuli i ka ʻenekini
• Pūnaehana ducting
• ʻO nā apo puʻupuʻu turbine
• Bellows a me nā hono hoʻonui

ʻO kona hiki ke kūpaʻa i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaiapuni corrosive e kūpono ia no kēia mau noi, kahi koʻikoʻi ka hana a me ka palekana.

5. Hanana Mana

Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 i ka hana mana, ʻoiai ma:

• Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kinoea
• Paipu paila
• ʻO nā mea hana mahu hoʻōla wela

ʻO kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe-mehana a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation he mea koʻikoʻi ia no kēia mau noi, e hōʻoia ana i ka hana kūpono a hilinaʻi.

Nā kūlana

Inconel 686hana ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia e like me nā kūlana ʻoihana like ʻole e hōʻoia i kona maikaʻi a me kāna hana. ʻO kekahi o nā kūlana kūpono:

• ASTM B574: Hōʻike maʻamau no Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06686) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
• ASTM B575: Hōʻike maʻamau no ka Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06686) Pipe a me Tube
• ASTM B619: Kūlana Kūlana no Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06686) Welding Filler Metal
• ISO 15156-3: ʻOihana ʻaila a me nā kinoea maoli - Nā mea no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni i loko o ka H2S i ka hana ʻaila a me ka hana kinoea - Māhele 3: CRAs-kūʻokoʻa (corrosion-resistant alloys) a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe.

Hōʻoia kēia mau kūlana e hoʻokō ʻo Inconel 686 i nā kikoʻī e pono ai no nā noi like ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i ka hōʻoia o kāna hana a me ka hilinaʻi.

Hana ʻia

Hiki ke hana ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā nickel alloys. ʻO kāna weldability maikaʻi loa a me ka formability kūpono ia no nā ʻano hana hana like ʻole, me:

1. wiliwili

Hiki ke wili ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau ʻenehana, me:

• Kuʻi ʻana i ke kinoea Tungsten Arc (GTAW)
• Kuʻi ʻana o ke kinoea metala ʻaʻa (GMAW)
• Kuʻi ʻia ʻana o nā mea hao metala pale pale (SMAW)

I ka wā e wili ai i ka Inconel 686, pono e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha kūpono, e like me Inconel 686 filler metal, e mālama i nā waiwai o ka alloy. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana, akā pono paha ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld e hoʻomaha i nā kaumaha a hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.

2. Mīkini

Inconel 686hiki ke hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana maʻamau, ʻoiai ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea hana ʻoi a me nā wikiwiki ʻoki kūpono e hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī o ka hana. Hiki ke hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻohuli ʻana, ka wili ʻana, a me ka wili ʻana, akā pono e mālama ʻia e pale aku i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka wela i ka wā o ka mīkini.

3. Hookumu ana

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka alloy me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana maʻamau, e like me ke kuʻi ʻana, ka ʻōwili ʻana, a me ke kuʻi ʻana. Ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe, pono paha ia e ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo kona ductility e ʻae i ka deformation nui me ka ʻole o ka haki.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela

He mea koʻikoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka wela i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai oInconel 686. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela mua e pili ana i ka annealing, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā koʻikoʻi kūloko a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO ke kaʻina hana wela maʻamau e komo pū ana:

1. Hoʻopili

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ʻo Inconel 686 ma nā mahana mai 1900°F a 2000°F (1038°C a 1093°C) no kahi lōʻihi i ʻōlelo ʻia, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻomaha wikiwiki. Kōkua kēia kaʻina hana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi microstructure like ʻole a hoʻopaʻa i nā waiwai mechanical.

2. Ka elemakule

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai kikoʻī, e like me ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole koi ʻo Inconel 686 i ka paʻakikī o ka ua, no ka mea, ʻo kona ikaika ka mea i loaʻa mua mai ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hopena paʻa.

3. Hoʻomaha pilikia

No nā ʻāpana i hoʻokau ʻia i ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻōla wela hoʻomaha i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ma kahi o 1200°F a i ʻole 649°C) e hōʻemi i ke koena koʻikoʻi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia nui ʻana i nā waiwai o ka alloy.

Ka hopena

ʻO ka Inconel 686 kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe nui a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai mechanical kūikawā a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma waena o kahi ākea o nā noi. ʻO kāna hui kemika kūʻokoʻa, i hui pū ʻia me kona hiki ke kū i nā wela wela a me nā wahi ʻino, e koho ʻia ia i nā ʻoihana e like me ka aerospace, ka hana kemika, ka moana, ka aila a me ka hana mana. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana a me nā kaʻina hana wela e pili ana me Inconel 686 he mea nui ia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāna hana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hilinaʻi i nā noi koʻikoʻi.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻoihana a koi i nā mea hiki ke kū i nā kūlana paʻakikī, e noho mau ʻo Inconel 686 i mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana holomua a me nā hopena.